Tobacco use is the highly preventable cause of death in America. Approximately 440,000 Americans succumb to diseases related to tobacco use each year (Source: National Institute on Drug Abuse). Smoking harms almost every organ in the human body, causes many diseases, and compromises smokers’ health in general. According to NIDA, cigarette smoking accounts for 90 percent of lung cancer cases in the U.S., and about 38,000 deaths per year can be attributed to secondhand smoke. Nicotine, a component of Tobacco is one of the most heavily used addictive drugs. It is also the primary reason that Tobacco is addictive.

Myths about Nicotine:
Many people in U.S. are using tobacco products. According to National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), almost 71 million Americans have used a tobacco product at least once in the month in 2008. Many people totally misunderstand Nicotine addiction today. This is the reason millions of smokers around the world are suffering from Nicotine addiction and destroying their health as well as their life. There are many myths that conceal the truth about Nicotine addiction. Some of the common myths and actual facts about Nicotine addiction are:

Myth #1: Nicotine is not addictive, and even if it is, it is not as bad as illegal drugs
Fact: You should clearly understand that Nicotine is highly addictive, regardless of the cigarette manufacturer or brand. Many people use tobacco regularly because they are addicted to Nicotine. Nicotine’s pharmacokinetic properties enhance its compulsive drug seeking and abuse. It is easier to quit other illegal drugs than cigarettes. Nicotine addiction is similar to the addiction of cocaine or heroin. Most smokers are aware that it is harmful and express a desire to reduce or stop using it. According to NIDA, nearly 35 million of smokers want to quit each year but more than 85 percent of them relapse, most within a week.

Myth #2: Nicotine could not be a poison or they could not sell it
Fact: Exposure to Nicotine is extremely toxic causing vomiting, tremors, convulsions and death. In fact, one drop of pure nicotine can kill a person. It is generally used in pesticides and insecticides and even a small drop results in respiratory failure caused by paralysis and eventually death. It is being sold because it is administered in such minute quantities that it doesn’t kill immediately. But it will definitely kill slowly through years of consumption.

Myth #3: Gums, patches and other cessation products are the only way to quit
Fact: Many people think that gums, patches and other cessation products are the only way to quit. The cessation programs which use Nicotine replacement methods, such as the patch or gum are no more effective to reduce craving than a commitment to stop by the smoker along with some professional treatment. Awareness of harmful Nicotine effects on the body and mind is the most effective manner by which a person can stop Nicotine use.

Myth #4: Nicotine is not an addiction
Fact: As it is not illegal, some people believe that it is fine to use. They believe that Nicotine is not addiction and is not as harmful as other illicit drug addiction. But the truth is Nicotine addiction is as real as any other addiction. Some researchers even believe that it is one of the most addictive because it is less considered as addiction.

Nicotine addiction is a very serious health concern. Cessation of Nicotine is not easy, but possible with commitment, awareness and help from others. Remember, we all have the ability to quit smoking and bring lasting freedom from Nicotine addiction in our lives.

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Nicotine is a highly addictive substance and its usage has severe negative effects on health of an individual. Nicotine usage is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) like bronchitis and emphysema and cancer of lungs, larynx, oral cavity, esophagus, pharynx etc. Smoking cigarettes or chewing tobacco releases large amount of nicotine in body that leads to further health ailments. Prolonged nicotine usage develops into addiction over a period of time and causes heart diseases, high blood pressure, loss of appetite etc.

Effect On:
Nicotine usage has several long-term and short-term harmful health effects. It affects the mood, appetite, and nervous system.

Lungs
Nicotine is detrimental to the healthy functioning of lungs. Once the nicotine reaches the blood through lungs, it increases the blood pressure and narrows the arteries restricting the amount of blood circulated in body. Less amount of blood decreases the capacity of lungs to circulate oxygen in the blood. Other substance like carbon monoxide that enters the blood stream along with Nicotine further reduces the level of oxygen in blood. Lack of oxygen further affects functioning of lungs. Nicotine also increases the risk of lung cancer and prolonged exposure can promote the growth and development of tumors in lungs. Also other chemicals that enter the body along with Nicotine damage the cell structure of the lung tissue.

Brain
Nicotine after entering the bloodstream reaches the brain and alters its functioning. Nicotine has the property to mimic the activity of a specific neurotransmitter in the body by binding to a particular receptor. Once it binds to the specific receptor, it imbalances the neurotransmitter activity in body and causes muscle movement, increases heart rate, breathing problems, inability to concentrate and more. Nicotine also results in release of dopamine that gives a sense of pleasure and elevates mood. The release of dopamine and changing chemical makeup of the brain further leads to addiction. Prolonged exposure to Nicotine can cause the brain to develop tolerance to the effects of dopamine and lead to addiction. Thus, the person increases the intake of Nicotine every time by smoking or chewing tobacco to attain the same sense of pleasure.

Blood Pressure
Nicotine increases the blood pressure by narrowing the size of blood vessels. Narrow blood vessels means less supply of oxygenated blood flow to vital organs of the body that can further cause medical complications. Narrowing down of blood vessels can also cause cardiac arrest. Less circulation of blood in vessels in brain can result in formation of clots or leaks that can cause stroke. Narrowing down of blood vessels can increase pressure on its weakened areas thus causing aneurysms.

Central Nervous System
Once the Nicotine enters the bloodstream, it reaches the brain quickly and affects the working of Central Nervous System (CNS) by stimulating the activity of neurotransmitters. Nicotine stimulates the CNS that results in increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, faster respiration, and narrowing of blood vessels. Prolonged exposure to usage of Nicotine can be harmful to CNS and can lead to conditions like muscular sclerosis.

Sudden cessation of Nicotine usage can cause withdrawal symptoms like anxiety, increase in appetite, cravings, mood swings, depression, fatigue, and cognitive deficiencies. Effective treatment therapies like Nicotine replacement therapy can help in faster recovery and cope up with withdrawal symptoms and cravings. Support from family and friends prove crucial in entire recovery process.

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Benzodiazepine is a psychoactive drug used to treat anxiety disorders, panic disorders, nervous tension, acute stress, and anxiety associated depression. Benzodiazepine slows down the activity of neurotransmitters in brain and gives relief from stress and anxiety. Benzodiazepine when consumed produces an initial euphoric feeling and mostly abused to experience the pleasure of feeling of drowsiness that it causes. Its abuse can produce side effects like muscle cramps, nausea, drowsiness, loss of concentration, loss of appetite, slurred speech etc.

Serious Side Effects
Benzodiazepine is a highly addictive drug and tolerance soon develops with increasing amount of dosages that further leads to addiction.
Unusual Risk Taking Behavior
Prolonged exposure to benzodiazepine causes a person to show more unusual risk taking behavior, decreased inhibitions, show less fear of danger etc. Benzodiazepine alters the brain chemistry that causes feeling of fearlessness that can lead the abuser to engage in dangerous acts. Such decreased inhibitions can result in person suffer from injuries, accidents, incurring debt etc.
Depresses Mood, Thoughts of Suicide or Hurting Themselves
Benzodiazepine changes the chemical structure of brain that causes the abuser to feel depressed, sad, and worthless. It also causes abusers to feel about committing suicide or hurting themselves. The person looses interest in daily activities and appears tired.
Hyperactivity, Agitation, Hostility, Hallucinations
The person abusing benzodiazepine shows heightened levels of hyperactivity and restlessness. The person feels more agitated and hostile due to these increased levels of hyperactivity. Hyperactivity can lead to body injury, accident, or physical violence. The person can also experience hallucinations like hearing strange voices, see things that do not exist etc.
Fainting
Benzodiazepine abuse can cause the person to experience loss of balance, coordination, fainting, lightheadedness etc.
Seizure
Benzodiazepine abuse can cause person to experience muscle twitching or convulsions that result in seizures. It further results in loss of consciousness, speech difficulties, and confusion.
Urinating Less or Not At All
Benzodiazepine abuse affects the urinary system and the ability to urinate. Prolonged exposure can cause the person to pass very less urine or even lead to anuria which is complete stoppage of passage of urine.
Blurring Of Vision
The persons abusing benzodiazepine may also suffer from eye sight problems and blurring of vision.
Jaundice
Benzodiazepine abuse also causes liver damage and dysfunction. Damage to the liver further leads to jaundice.

Physical Effects:
Benzodiazepine abuse can be physically and emotionally addictive.
Muscle Cramps
Persons abusing benzodiazepine have found to suffer from muscular side effects like muscle crams, twitching, muscle pain, muscle rigidity, and joint pain.
Nausea
Benzodiazepine abuse can cause gastrointestinal side effects like nausea and vomiting. These side effects are not serious but immediate medical treatment should be initiated if noticed.
Diarrhea
Other forms of gastrointestinal side effects include diarrhea. If diarrhea is noticed for more than 24 hours, immediate medical attention needs to be sought as it can cause dehydration or cardiac arrhythmias.
Drowsiness
Benzodiazepine acts as a depressant on the Central Nervous System (CNS) and causes drowsiness among the person abusing benzodiazepine.
Lack of Coordination
Benzodiazepine abuse affects the Central Nervous System and the person shows lack of coordination in the activities performed.
Loss of Appetite
Persons abusing benzodiazepine may suffer from loss of appetite and subsequently lose weight.
Loss of Concentration
Abusing benzodiazepine can also have mental side effects, and impair and affect the person’s ability to concentrate and perform regular tasks.
Slurred Speech
The person abusing benzodiazepine can have a slurred speech and is often seen in confused state of mind.

Sudden cessation of benzodiazepine intake can cause the person to experience severe withdrawal symptoms like seizures, convulsions etc. Addiction to benzodiazepine can be effectively cured through detox programs at rehabilitation centers under the observation of trained physicians. Detox programs help in early recovery of the addicted person and cope with withdrawal symptoms.

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Cannabis, commonly known as Marijuana, is the most frequently used illicit drug in America. According to National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), there were about 15.2 million past month users in America in 2008. It also stated that about 2.2 million people used Marijuana for the first time in 2008. This averages to about 6,000 Marijuana initiates per day. Many people are getting addicted to Marijuana, ignorant of its harmful effects on health. Today, Cannabis abuse is a major concern because of its negative effects on general physical, mental and oral health.

There are three main forms of Cannabis: Marijuana, Hash and Hash oil, all of which contain the main psychoactive constituent, ‘Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol’, simply called as THC. Cannabis abuse affects almost every system of the body including the cardiovascular, respiratory, mental and oral systems. Some of the negative implications of Cannabis abuse are:

Effects on general health
When someone smokes or consumes Cannabis, THC passes from the lungs or stomach into the bloodstream, which carries the chemical to the brain and other organs throughout the body.

According to National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), heart rate is increased by 20 to 100 percent shortly after smoking Marijuana. It is also estimated that Marijuana users have almost five times risk of heart attack in the first hour after smoking Marijuana. Aging people or those with cardiac vulnerabilities will be at higher risk.

Long-term smoking of Marijuana is associated with negative effects on the respiratory system. The smoke from a Cannabis cigarette has the same contents as tobacco smoke apart from harmful contents like carbon monoxide, bronchial irritants, tar and higher levels of other carcinogens than in tobacco smoke. Chronic smokers of Cannabis have increased symptoms of bronchitis, including coughing, wheezing, phlegm production, more frequent acute chest illness, and increased risk of lung infections. The symptoms of bronchitis are more common in Cannabis smokers than non-smokers of the drug. Cannabis abuse results in dysregulated growth of epithelial cells in lungs, which may lead to cancer.

Effects on mental health
Acute effects of Cannabis abuse vary greatly between individuals depending on the dosage, method of administration, environment and personality of the user. Long-term Cannabis abuse increases the risk of serious psychiatric illnesses.

THC acts upon specific sites in the brain, called cannabinoid receptors. The highest density of cannabinoid receptors are found in parts of the brain that influence pleasure, memory, thoughts, concentration, sensory and time perception etc. Obviously, Marijuana intoxication can cause distorted perceptions, impaired coordination, difficulty in thinking and problem solving, and problems with learning and memory. Marijuana abuse can increase rates of anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, and schizophrenia.

Effects on oral health
Cannabis users are prone to oral infections. Generally, Cannabis abusers have poorer oral health than non-users, with higher decayed, missing and filled (DMF) teeth scores, higher plaque scores and less healthy teeth gums. An important side effect of Cannabis abuse is xerostomia (dryness of the mouth caused by malfunctioning salivary glands). Cannabis smoking and chewing causes changes in the oral epithelium, termed ‘cannabis stomatitis’. Its symptoms include irritation and superficial anaesthesia of the oral membranous tissue covering internal organs. With chronic use, this may progress to neoplasia (growth of a tumor).

Cannabis use causes oral cancer
Chronic smokers of Cannabis have an increased risk of developing oral leukoplakia (thick white patches on mucous membranes of the oral cavity, including the tongue. It often occurs as a pre-cancerous growth), oral cancer and other oral infections. Oral cancer related to cannabis usually occurs on the anterior floor of the mouth and the tongue.

Cannabis consumption also has its effects on driving, affecting motor skills, reflexes, and attention. This increases accidental risks. Cannabis abuse has potential to cause problems in daily life also. Cannabis abuse impairs several important measures of life achievement including physical and mental health, cognitive abilities, social life and career status.

The increasing prevalence of Cannabis use demands awareness of the diverse adverse effects of Cannabis abuse. People should know about these effects and take timely action in order to stay away from its negative implications.

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Marijuana is considered as one of the most commonly used illicit drug by teens. According to a report released by US government in May 2008, around 35% of the 2 million depressed teens used an illicit drug (including marijuana) in 2007. Another 18% of teens who were not suffering with any depression also have used an illicit drug, adding up to the number of drug abused teens. Marijuana abuse has a tremendous impact on a teen’s life.

Why teens are abused to marijuana
The primary reason for marijuana abuse in teens is peer pressure or strong influence by the abused friends or family members. Many teens use marijuana for coping with psychological emotions like anxiety, anger, depression, boredom, etc. Teens who smoke marijuana to deal with psychological emotions have more chances to get addicted to the drug.

Impact of marijuana on general activities
Marijuana has a tremendous impact on educational and extra-curricular activities of a teen. Its short-term affects include deficiency of memory and learning abilities, distorted perceptions, and declined problem-solving skills, low coordination, increased depression, anxiety, and suicidal tendencies. Long-term marijuana abuse can result in schizophrenia or other forms of psychosis.

Marijuana abuse affects on Health
Marijuana smoking has almost the same potential of causing cancer as tobacco smoking. Smoking of marijuana increases heart rate and blood pressure. The abused are likely to suffer from coughing and wheezing. The higher the abuse the greater are the chances of marijuana-smokers to suffer from lung infections and diseases like pneumonia. THC in marijuana can damage immunity system in a human being.

Usage of marijuana
Marijuana is sold under various street names like pot, herb, weed, grass, boom, ganja, Mary Jane, hashish, hash, etc. Marijuana is usually consumed by igniting it and inhaling the smoke through different apparatus like cigarettes, bowls, chillums, etc. Marijuana is also consumed orally after heating the raw cannabis and producing psychoactive THC from it.

Marijuana inside a human system
Marijuana abuse can be detected for around 7 to 30 days using a standard urine drug testing. Traces of marijuana can be detected even after several days of consumption through a urine test. However, in the case of a heavy chronic user it can be detected even for several weeks after they have stopped consuming it. Marijuana can be detected for up to 90 days in hair and 2 weeks in blood.

Under an effective guidance, parents can stop their children being abused to marijuana. Parents are suggested not to ignore abrupt behavioral changes in their teen children. Parents should conduct drug screening at home frequently to monitor their children and keep them away from marijuana abuse.

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Opiates are extracted from the Asian opium poppy plant. Heroin is commonly abused opiate drug. Opiates such as Heroin are Central Nervous System depressants which slow the functions of both the brain and the body. Opiate addiction can wreck havoc on one’s physical appearance, leaving them look haggard, weak and droopy.

Opiate addiction not only destroys one’s health, it ruins their vitality and youthfulness. With 453,000 Americans using heroin in 2008 (according to information from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008), there is a chance your loved one or someone you know may be using it. Therefore you should be aware of the physical signs and symptoms of Opiate abusers, and encourage them to stay away from this harmful drug.

Ugly features witnessed in appearance:
We can simply find opiate users through their physical appearance. Apart from scars on their arms or other parts of the body due to needle injections, they also tend to have the following features:

Droopy stance
People under the influence of opiates will appear very tired and often are in a trance or sleep like state. They will be extremely unbalanced and uncoordinated with difficulty in standing or sitting straight. They seem far too relaxed and droopy in appearance as if their external body parts are heavy.

Constricted pupils
Their eyes too will appear droopy and pupils will be constricted (pupils become very small). Constricted “pinpoint” pupils of an opiate abuser is a very serious sign of opiate overdose. These constricted pupils show no response to light.

Poor hygiene
Many opiate users may not take pride in their physical appearance, neglecting personal care, their body’s dietary needs and may damage themselves though poor nutrition. They loose motivation to take care of themselves. Opiate abusers may have a disheveled appearance with unkempt hair and body odor. They maintain poor personal hygiene, such as irregular showers and not changing clothing regularly.

Runny nose
Cold-like symptoms along with a runny nose are common in opiate abusers. Inhaling Heroin (which is in powdered form) may result in raw nostrils and redness of the nose. The person may suffer from runny nose or bloody nose even if there is no cold or other illness associated with it.

Watery eyes
More symptoms of opiate abuse can be found in the eyes of the person. Apart from the constricted pupils, opiate abuser may have watery eyes. Due to snorting of Heroin, a person may experience watery eyes.

Slurred speech
Slurred speech is a typical symptom of a opiate abuser. Due to the Opiate’s (Heroin) depressive effect on the central nervous system, the opiate abusers usually feel sleepy or drowsy. This may result in less physical coordination along with slowed or slurred speech. The opiate abuser may sound normal at first, but after talking for sometime, his speech may slow down and sometimes becomes difficult to understand.

Pale clammy skin
Opiate abusers’ skin will be moist and cool when touched. They will not feel their skin’s condition. The skin may appear pale and greenish. This clammy skin in opiate abusers may be due to the decreased heart rate occurred by the sedative effects of Heroin. Another physical effect of opiate abuse includes collapsed veins and scars on the skin due to injections.

Not active in attitude
Opiate abusers have very little motivation and no desire to achieve future goals. They loose interest in hobbies and their favorite activities. They build tendency towards recklessness. They don’t care about the consequences of their actions or behaviors. There will be sudden drop in performance either at school, college or at workplace.

Opiate users are at high risk for addiction as regular use develops tolerance. Apart from the above mentioned physical, ugly features, opiate abuse is associated with serious health conditions which can cause permanent damage to vital organs such as lungs, liver, kidneys and brain. Opiate abuse is a serious issue and often deadly. So, identify the opiate abuse symptoms in someone you know and seek the immediate help. Remember, the faster you catch the opiate abusers, the easier the recovery and of course less harmful consequences.

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Marijuana is the most commonly abused illegal drug in US. According to NSDUH, there were 15.2 million Marijuana users aged 12 years and more in 2008. It also reported that around 2.2 million people used Marijuana for the first time in 2008. This averages more than 6,000 initiates per day. This may be primarily because of the comforting false information spread about Marijuana.

Myths:
As mentioned above, millions of people are initiating Marijuana. This is due to the many myths associated with marijuana. Some of the common myths are:

Myth 1. One cannot get physically addicted to marijuana
Truth: Addiction is a compulsive drug seeking and abuse despite of its harmful effects on the abuser. People perceive that one cannot get addicted to Marijuana. But on the contrary, long-term Marijuana abuse leads to addiction. People who use Marijuana for long period of time, report drug craving, irritability, sleeplessness, lowered appetite and anxiety which makes it difficult to withdraw the Marijuana abuse.

Myth 2. Marijuana is natural and good for health
Truth: Some people wrongly assume that Marijuana is natural and is good for health. But what they fail to understand is that there are plenty of poisonous plants which are ‘natural’ as well as harmful to us. One should understand that just because Marijuana is natural, it does not mean that it is safe to use.

Marijuana abuse can cause impaired coordination, distorted perceptions, difficulty in thinking and problem solving, weak memory and low learning skills. According to NIDA, long-term Marijuana abuse has similar effects like other major drugs on the brain.

Facts:
There are many important hard facts which individuals, parents and society need to know to stay away from this harmful drug. Some of them are:

Fact 1. Five times more likely to have a heart attack
According to NIDA, Marijuana increases heart rate by 20-100 percent and this effect lasts upto three hours. It is also estimated that Marijuana abusers are almost five times more likely to suffer heart attack in the first hour after smoking Marijuana. The risk of heart attack is said to be greater in aging people and the people with heart problems.

Fact 2. Increases risk of cancer
Marijuana smoke contains carcinogens that are considered to be irritating and harmful to lungs. When compared to tobacco smoke, Marijuana smoke contains 50 to 70 percent more carcinogenic hydrocarbons. NIDA’s official website states that Marijuana abuse can double or triple the risk of cancer. Marijuana abusers are also known to suffer many respiratory problems, daily cough and phlegm production, frequent acute chest illnesses and lung infections.

Fact 3. Marijuana is the #1 used illegal drug and considered harmless by many
Marijuana abuse is a real concerning issue in the society today. In US, it is the most abused illegal drug. Ignorant of the potential harmful effects of Marijuana, many people are initiating, abusing and getting addicted to it.

Fact 4. Leads to loss of employment
People who abuse Marijuana are more likely to suffer at the workplace. Since Marijuana compromises the mental and physical ability of the abuser, he or she is more likely to loose his/her employment. Also, Marijuana abuse is associated with absenteeism, accidents at workplace, more workers’ compensation claims, and less job turnover or productivity.

Apart from the above mentioned effects, Marijuana has many other negative effects physically, mentally, socially, and economically. Therefore, it is very important to take some time to know the myths and facts associated with Marijuana abuse. This can be a significant step towards stopping the drug abuse.

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Marijuana is the most commonly abused illicit drug in United States and is obtained from dried flower, stem, leaves, and seeds of female cannabis plant. Marijuana is a psychoactive drug and abused as it gives a sense of high or euphoria and relaxation. Marijuana contains 400 chemicals, of which 60 are cannabinoids. The most active psychoactive cannabinoid in Marijuana is delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol or THC that leads to harmful health effects like increased heart rate, low blood pressure, respiratory and immune system problems, anxiety, and can even cause cancer.

Effect on Brain
When Marijuana is smoked, THC, the active chemical ingredient in Marijuana gets immediately dissolves in blood and carried to brain and other parts of body. The THC affects the activity of brain by binding to the cannabinoid receptors in brain. Since cannabinoid receptors have higher density in parts of brain that control concentration, pleasure, memory, coordinated movements and more, the person abusing Marijuana suffers from memory loss, lack of coordination, distorted perception, problems in cognitive abilities, thinking and problem solving difficulties etc due to affected receptors. Chronic Marijuana use is also associated with increase in anxiety, suicidal tendency, depression, and schizophrenia.

Effect on Heart
Smoking Marijuana can increase the heart rate suddenly and this effect can last for 3-4 hours. The increased heart rate further increases the chances of heart attack in the first hour after smoking Marijuana. The risk of Marijuana abuser suffering from heart attack also increases due to disturbances in heart rhythms that lead to palpitations and arrhythmias. The aged people having heart complications stand at greater risk of suffering from heart attack due to Marijuana abuse.

Effect on Lungs
Smoking Marijuana can deposit 4 times more tar in lungs than smoking normal cigarettes. Marijuana smoke is damaging to lungs as it also contains more carcinogenic hydrocarbons than tobacco smoke. Carcinogens are chemical substances that can cause cancer. Marijuana smokers normally inhale the smoke deeply and hold their breath for longer time. Thus, the carcinogenic smoke remains in contact with epithelial lining of lungs for longer time and damages it. Also, Marijuana smokers suffer from other respiratory ailments like cough and phlegm production, acute chest illness, increased risk of lung infections, and other respiratory illnesses.

Effect on Liver
The effects of Marijuana abuse on liver are still being researched. Marijuana alone can not be credited to cause liver damage but the impurities and other plant residues that come along with Marijuana can be detrimental to the liver. Marijuana abuse can severely affect the liver function if the person is suffering from ailments like Hepatitis C infection, HIV, Cirrhosis, Hepatomegaly and more.

Effect on Daily Life
Marijuana abuse has severe implications on health, mental well-being, family life, social relations, and on career of the individual. Marijuana abuse can disturb the daily life as the person suffers from memory loss, health complications, decreased thinking and problem solving abilities etc. Marijuana abuse leads to increased absenteeism, inability to concentrate, accidents, tardiness, job turnover, cognitive impairment and more.

Marijuana abuse especially among college students and adolescents needs to be curbed as it can lead to abuse of more severe illicit drug and act as a gateway drug. Dependence on Marijuana can be effectively treated through proper behavioral interventions, cognitive behavioral therapy, and motivational incentives.

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It is important to know the detection period of the drug tests and the tenure of the drugs residing in the human system when testing for drug abuse. This makes the drug test more effective in avoiding the risks of false detection and reduces the acts of drug testing tampering.

How long the illegal drugs stay in a human system?
The time period for any drug to reside in a human system depends on many factors like age, weight, health, potency of the drug, quantity of the drug intake, frequency of usage, etc. All drugs stay up to 30 days in a system of chronic user. The following are some of the commonly used illicit drugs and the time they stay in a human system.

THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol/Marijuana)
Marijuana is also termed with other names like Bud, Blunt, Grass, Herb, Pot, Reefer, Sinsemilla, Smoke, and Weed. It can stay from 3 to 90 days in a human system when abused orally or through smoking. Traces of marijuana can be detected from 7 to 30 days in urine, two weeks in blood, and 90 days with hair.

Opiates
Opiates are available in the black market with names like Opium, China, Dreams, Dover’s powder, etc. Detection time of opiates ranges from 2 to 5 days. Opiates can be detected for up to 3 months through hair drug test and 6-12 hours in the blood or saliva drug test.

Methamphetamines
Methamphetamines or Meth is dealt with names like Crank, Crystal, Glass, Ice, Speed, etc. Meth can stay up to 2 to 4 days inside a human system. Traces of Meth can be found for up to 3 to 6 days in urine, 24 to 72 hours in blood, and up to 90 days with hair.

Amphetamines
Amphetamines are also dealt with names like Biphetamine, Black Beauties, Crosses, Dexedrine, Hearts, etc. Amphetamines can stay from 2 to 4 days in a human system. Traces of Amphetamines can be found from 1 to 3 days in urine, for around 12 hours in blood, and up to 90 days with hair.

Cocaine
Coke, Candy, Snow, Flakes, White Coat are some of the other names of Cocaine. Cocaine can stay from 2 to 4 days inside a human system. Traces of cocaine are found for up to 3 days in urine, from 1 to 2 days in blood, and up to about 90 days in hair.

Phencyclidine (PCP)
PCP is termed with names like Boat, Love boat, Angle dust, Hog, etc. Period of PCP staying inside a human system ranges from 7 to 14 days. It can be detected for up to 30 days in urine, 90 days in hair, and for around 2 to 4 days in blood.

Conducting drug test before or after the tenure of the drug inside a human system, obviously makes the results useless. However, chronic users are found positive more frequently in drug tests than others.

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Employers seek job applicants or employees who are reliable and hardworking. However, there are large numbers of drug abusers employed in the US. Employee drug abuse can cause serious problems to a company. The facts such as, drug abusers cost over $100 billion every year to the employers and 65% of all work related accidents are due to drug abuse emphasizes the importance of employee drug testing.

There are four main types of drug tests, which are used by employers to test drug abuse in job applicants or employees to make work place safe, productive, and drug free.

Pre-Employment Tests:
Pre-Employment drug testing is vital as it filters the drug abusers before entering the company. This test is inexpensive and costs less to the employer, as only one test has to be performed. Thus, blocks drug abusers entry and help employers to create drug free work environment.

Post-Accident Tests:
The employees under the influence of drugs mostly cause work place accidents. Post-accident drug tests reveal whether the person was under the influence of drugs or not at the time of accident. These tests help the employers to pluck out the drug abusers and to protect the company from liability.

Random Drug Testing:
Random Drug Testing is the most common and effective method of drug testing. Today, 23 of the 50 States use this method. In this method, one or more individuals are selected through a random process for drug test. The goal of Random Drug Tests is to reduce, discourage, and deter drug abuse by the employees. It makes people say “NO” to drugs.

Reasonable Suspicion:
Reasonable Suspicion Drug Test is done when a person is observed to be under the influence of drugs at work place. Reasonable Suspicion Drug Tests help to immediately identify the drug abuser, avoiding any loss at work further. This type of test discourages the employees to by under the influence at workplace.

Drug testing is becoming important with the increasing number of drug abusers at work place. These tests protect the company from liability, discourage, and deter the employees from drug abuse, which results in enhanced productivity of employees and the organization as a whole.

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